Photography has always been a popular hobby. The desire and ability to capture a feeling or to affect an emotion for the viewer is the anticipated goal. Since SLRs have joined to digital field, the options for creative photography has increased. The ability to instantly see what a photo will look like is what makes digital SLRs so popular and effective.
Lighting is the most important element of photography. It can make or break a good photograph more than any other facet. To exact the most effective results in any good photograph, it is imperative that forethought to lighting be considered
Surely, spontaneous images can be extremely compelling, but only when the image portrays something that reflects a captured moment in time that couldn't be rehearsed or planned. A hummingbird's fluttering wings, an explosion or bolt of lightning are typical of a 'moment in time' experience. The element of a dramatic instance always produces a pleasing or compelling image, but even then, lighting can affect the image, particularly with outdoor photography.
When shooting outdoors, lighting will obviously be reliant upon the weather. If the sky is clear and sunny, shadows cast must be considered. The subject, optimally, should be photographed with the light shining on the surface you are facing, unless your objective is to get a silhouette type of image where the background and surroundings are as important as the subject. The usage of natural lighting will produce better, clearer, more natural colors than a supplemental light source.
The sun should be behind the photographer so the light is not 'confusing' the depth of field with refractive or distracting light rays or streaks. Shadows cast in between the lens and the subject could distract from the subject, causing the eye to roam off the point of interest. The only times that rule may not apply are during the 'magic hours' of dusk and dawn when shadows might be an integral part of the desired 'mood' of the image.
With the sun overhead, or positioned in the sky between you and the subject, it may not be possible to get the sunlight behind you; it may be necessary to shade the lens to prevent lighting errors. Sometimes a cupped hand poised above the lens can alleviate the problem. Alternatively, some camera lenses can be affixed with a rubber blinder attachment that completely encircles the lens and extends out for 2 or 3 inches to effectively shade out the sun.
Be wary of reflected light from other sources too. Cars, water, glass or other shiny reflective materials that project reflected light rays can easily ruin a great photo. The vigilant photographer is always aware of the existing lighting and how it could potentially impact the subject and final image.
Whenever possible, even in overcast situations, natural lighting should be the primary light source when shooting outdoors. Supplemental lighting should only be utilized when the existing natural lighting doesn't create the results your subject and image requires to convey the desired effect.
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